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Serial Vs Parallel Dilution

Property of Yulia-i'm very thankful to you to provide the easier explaination.it's true that many undergrad students have problem in dilution.and the worst thing is if the lecturers/tutors assume that the students are familiar with the concept. It is true that they have learned it in high school, but most of the time they will forget.regarding the example 2 given, you dilute a sample (10 ml the final volume) 10x10x10=10 to the power of 3. And u inoculate 0.1 ml in your medium.so supposed the final volume of your medium is 1ml right?

AbstractIn a systematic approach, 37 duplicate samples of open system circuits (Bennett MA-1 ventilators) of patients in medical and surgical intensive care units were processed by direct and serial (APHA guidelines) dilutions. The paired difference test on 15 of the in-use circuitry solution samples indicated no difference between the direct and serial dilution methods (P less than 0.001). Seventy-seven additional respiratory therapy circuitry samples from similar intensive care patients were analyzed via a direct dilution method alone and processed microbiologically. The direct dilution procedure was a rapid and accurate means of evaluation of microbial contamination in the range of greater than or equal to 10 to less than or equal to 10(6) CFU/ml. High densities of organisms frequently were found. Sites of contamination included the proximal or patient end of the circuitry (heaviest), the nebulizer trap, and the distal or humidifier portions of the circuitry. The contaminants found were predominantly gram-negative nonfermenters: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var.

Antitratus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas maltophilia, and Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Fermenters were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus sp., Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter diversus, and Enterobacter agglomerans.

Infrequently, gram-positive Streptococcus spp. And Staphylococcus spp. Full text Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the (1.0M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page.

Links to PubMed are also available for. Craven DE, Connolly MG, Jr, Lichtenberg DA, Primeau PJ, McCabe WR. Contamination of mechanical ventilators with tubing changes every 24 or 48 hours. N Engl J Med.

1982 Jun 24; 306(25):1505–1509. Edmondson EB, Reinarz JA, Pierce AK, Sanford JP. Nebulization equipment. A potential source of infection in gram-negative pneumonias. Am J Dis Child. 1966 Apr; 111(4):357–360. Edmondson EB, Sanford JP.

Simple methods of bacteriologic sampling of nebulization equipment. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1966 Sep; 94(3):450–453.

Serial

Favero MS, Petersen NJ, Carson LA, Bond WW, Hindman SH. Gram-negative water bacteria in hemodialysis systems. Health Lab Sci. 1975 Oct; 12(4):321–334. Gross PA, Neu HC, Aswapokee P, Van Antwerpen C, Aswapokee N.

Deaths from nosocomial infections: experience in a university hospital and a community hospital. 1980 Feb; 68(2):219–223. Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP. Changing pharyngeal bacterial flora of hospitalized patients. Emergence of gram-negative bacilli. N Engl J Med.

1969 Nov 20; 281(21):1137–1140. Johanson WG, Jr, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, Thomas GD.

Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli. The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med. 1972 Nov; 77(5):701–706. Moffet HL, Allan D, Williams T. Survival and dissemination of bacteria in nebulizers and incubators.

Am J Dis Child. 1967 Jul; 114(1):13–20. Pierce AK, Sanford JP. Bacterial contamination of aerosols. Arch Intern Med. 1973 Jan; 131(1):156–159. REINARZ JA, PIERCE AK, MAYS BB, SANFORD JP.

THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF INHALATION THERAPY EQUIPMENT IN NOSOCOMIAL PULMONARY INFECTION. J Clin Invest. 1965 May; 44:831–839. Reinhardt DJ, Kennedy C, Malecka-Griggs B.

Selective nonroutine microbial surveillance of in-use hospital nebulizers by aerosol entrapment and direct sampling analyses of solutions in reservoirs. J Clin Microbiol. 1980 Aug; 12(2):199–204.

Microbiology

4 Fold Serial Dilution

Reinhardt DJ, Nabors W, Kennedy C, Malecka-Griggs B. Limulus amoebocyte lysate and direct sampling methods for surveillance of operating nebulizers.

Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Nov; 42(5):850–855. Simmons BP, Wong ES.

Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. Infect Control. 1982 Jul-Aug; 3(4):327–333. Stevens RM, Teres D, Skillman JJ, Feingold DS.

Pneumonia in an intensive care unit. A 30-month experience.

Arch Intern Med. 1974 Jul; 134(1):106–111.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Serial Dilution Chemistry

Wenzel RP, Osterman CA, Donowitz LG, Hoyt JW, Sande MA, Martone WJ, Peacock JE, Jr, Levine JI, Miller GB., Jr Identification of procedure-related nosocomial infections in high-risk patients. Rev Infect Dis. 1981 Jul-Aug; 3(4):701–707.